Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new targeted therapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia in adults with FLT3 gene variants. "The official website of the FDA shows that the drug is called Xospata and the active ingredient is gilteritinib." On December 2, Dong Wenchuan, chief physician of the Department of Oncology, General Hospital of China Medical University, said in an interview with the Science and Technology Daily.
Specific recognition of tumor cells
Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells, also known as "blood cancer", which is divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. The acute onset of acute leukemia has a short course of disease. If the treatment is not treated, the average survival time of the patient is only about 3 months, and may even die after several days of diagnosis.
Acute leukemia is usually subdivided into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (more common children) and acute myeloid leukemia (more common in adults), and the incidence of the latter is more than twice that of the former. Therefore, acute myeloid leukemia is more difficult in the treatment of leukemia.
Acute myeloid leukemia is a malignant proliferation of myeloid hematopoietic stem cells. At present, the main treatments are chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but the clinical efficacy shows that the long-term survival rate of patients is low - the 5-year survival rate of patients with acute myeloid leukemia who are suitable for treatment under 60 years old is only about 40%. Only a small number of patients with this disease can survive for more than 5 years. In the treatment observation, they will always face the risk of leukemia recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. The patients themselves suffer from painful diseases, and their entire family is also shrouded. In the haze of hopeless hope.
Conventional chemotherapy drugs can not accurately and specifically identify tumor cells. While killing tumor cells, many normal cells of the body are also attacked without discrimination. It can be described as "killing one thousand, self-loss 800". In recent years, with the continuous advancement of scientific research, the "precision strike weapon" that can accurately identify tumor cells - the advent of targeted drugs, provides new ideas for the treatment of various malignant tumors including leukemia. Xospata is a precise treatment for FLT3 gene mutations.
The prior art is convenient for detecting FLT3 variation
"Related studies suggest that about 25% - 30% of adult acute myeloid leukemias have FLT3 gene variants." Li Yuquan, chief physician of the Department of Hematology Oncology, Changqing Gung Ching Hospital, Beijing, told reporters that the FLT3 gene belongs to the class III receptor tyrosine kinase family. It has the function of promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Patients with FLT3 gene mutations often have poor therapeutic outcomes and prognosis, and even if the conventional treatment is relieved, the likelihood of recurrence is greater.
Li Yuquan said that among many genetic variants, it has been found that the activity of tyrosine kinase is enhanced after FLT3 gene mutation. Therefore, the precise therapeutic drugs for inhibiting its activity naturally become another new targeted drug for leukemia treatment. The therapeutic effect of Xospata is to inhibit the activity of tyrosine kinase, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of leukemia cells and allowing some patients to obtain better therapeutic effects.
"FLT3 gene mutation has important pathophysiological effects in the development of acute myeloid leukemia, and the prior art can conveniently detect its presence, so it can be used for routine detection of patients, guiding clinical treatment and prognosis." Dong Wenchuan said that when leukemia After complete remission of treatment, it is also possible to determine whether the leukemia cells remain in the patient by detecting the presence of FLT3 gene mutation, in order to predict the possibility of recurrence of the disease, and to conduct early therapeutic intervention.
The genetic variation of the FLT3 gene is still unknown.
Although many studies have confirmed that FLT3 gene mutations are inextricably linked to acute myeloid leukemia, what causes this genetic variation remains a mystery. "The cause of leukemia has not yet been revealed, and it may involve many factors, such as heredity, environment, and lifestyle. It is complicated and needs to be continuously explored and studied." Li Yuquan said.
The cause of leukemia has not yet surfaced, and the targeted primary prevention is only "paper talk", but in Dong Wenchuan's view, the prevention and treatment of diseases is first to "prevent" and then "govern", "defense" is always in an important position. This status is particularly critical in the face of diseases such as high-risk tumors. Therefore, the "wide spread network" type of prevention is very necessary, such as avoiding accidental radiation in life and work, away from toxic chemical reagents, and avoiding viral infections. At the same time, it should also develop healthy living habits, relieve work pressure and keep a good mood. Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction.
Disposable plasma blade
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