How to grow carrots? Today, Huinong.com mainly introduces a carrot high-yield management and cultivation technology. The farmers who need it can see what defects they still have at the technical level.
1 Biological characteristics
Carrots are Umbelliferae herbs, usually two years old, and straight roots are edible. Also known as carrots and yellow radishes, it is one of the main vegetable crops in the Haiyuan area. Carrots are more resistant to cold. Spring is usually sown in February, harvested in May-July, and in autumn, it is usually sown in July and harvested in November-December.
The north is dominated by autumn sowing. The seeds began to germinate at about 8 °C, and began to grow at 10 °C. The temperature suitable for growth was 18~23 °C during the day and 8~13 °C during the night. After 15 days, the temperature was too high and too low to be unfavorable for growth. The root system is developed and suitable for growth in thick sandy soil or loam soil. The humidity is about 70%. Excessive or too little water affects the growth of fleshy roots. The pH value is 5~8. It is rich in nutrients and contains various carotenoids. It is widely used, edible and forage. It has the functions of lowering blood fat, lowering blood pressure, preventing cancer, preventing night blindness, dry eye disease and upper respiratory tract disease.
2 High-yield management cultivation techniques
2.1 Land preparation and land preparation
Carrot fleshy roots are deep into the soil, and the absorption roots are also deep. Generally, the sand layer or loam with good soil layer and well-drained soil can be selected, and the beans and melons are used as the upper stalk. Haiyuan is located in arid area, with an annual precipitation of 350~550mm, and is mainly concentrated in July-September. In order to improve soil fertility and promote soil water storage and conservation, we can deepen 25~30cm after weed seed germination in spring, eliminate weeds, and then combine high-quality farmyard manure for deep ploughing in June (the application rate of farmyard manure is 75t/hm2) The soil is sterilized by sunlight, and after honing in July, the size of the cockroach is suitable for the operation.
2.2 Sowing
In the first ten days of July, the flat scorpion was spread or double-rowed, and the line spacing was 15~18cm. The bristles on the seeds were removed before sowing, and the clothes were cleaned and dried to allow the seeds to fully contact with the soil to absorb water. The carrot seeds were 15kg/hm2. Mix with 75kg/hm2 of flax seeds and 225kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate to spread the machine evenly. The depth is 1.5~2.0cm, and it is compacted after sowing. The rows can be interplanted with artichokes, eggplants, peppers, and small rapeseed. If you choose autumn planting, you can store the harvested carrots in a short winter storage and sell them in the off-season of the next year's carrot production in order to make up for the market vacancies of carrots at this time.
2.3 Field management
Reasonable seedlings are one of the important conditions for ensuring high yield. Regardless of the sowing and spreading, the seedlings are generally carried out 1~2 times in the seedling stage, and the first time in the seedlings 1~2 pieces of true leaves, the weak seedlings and diseased seedlings are removed, the seedling spacing is about 3cm; the second time in the seedlings 4~5 The true leaf time seedlings, the spacing of the seedlings is about 14cm, and the total seedlings are kept at 525,000 plants/hm2. Combined with intercropping, weeding and weeding. If there are irrigation conditions, sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to keep the soil moist. After the seedlings are out, when the leaves are vigorously growing, the irrigation can be properly controlled; the fleshy roots will keep the soil moist during the expansion period, pay attention not to accumulate water, if the growth period is strong, it may be weak. After the seedlings were planted, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 150kg/hm2 was applied in combination with the watering, and the potassium sulfate was applied at a rate of 225kg/hm2. In the early stage of growth, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied. In order to promote the growth of roots in the later stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in an appropriate amount. Summer sowing carrot seedlings coincide with the rainy season, which is conducive to the emergence of seedlings.
2.4 Pest Control
Rotation of planting sites, removal of diseased plant residues in the field, concentrated deep burial and burning, can effectively reduce the source of fungal diseases, control root black rot, leaf black spot, bacterial soft rot and underground cockroaches, cockroaches, golden worms And other pests.
Control black root rot and leaf black spot in carrot roots, use 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, 50% phlegm WP 1500 times or 58% nail cream · manganese zinc 600 at the beginning of the disease Double liquid spray prevention, alternate use once every 8d, even spray 2 times.
For the prevention and treatment of bacterial soft rot, 0.02% agricultural streptomycin aqueous solution or diclosanone 500-1000 times solution or 0.02%~0.04% chloramphenicol solution may be sprayed on the surface before or during the onset of the disease. Use, spray once every 10d, even spray 2 times.
For underground pests, artificial killing can be used. It can also be treated with 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800 times or 80% trichlorfon WP 800 times liquid 5kg/m2.
For underground pests, 90% of the crystal trichlorfon can be mixed with the 30-fold mixed wheat bran and sprinkled into the field.
For the underground pests of gold worms, 2.5% trichlorfon powder or 90% crystal trichlorfon 2kg and dry fine soil 10kg can be evenly mixed, sprinkled on the ground, turned into soil when the soil is simmered, or used in fields where larvae occur in large quantities. The method of controlling cockroaches is controlled by liquid medicine.
2.5 Harvesting and storage
The spring-sowed carrots are harvested 90-100 days after sowing, and the cold-sown areas of autumn-sown carrots are harvested in late October, and the areas that are frozen late are harvested after the winter. Harvest should not be too late to prevent the fleshy roots from freezing. Generally, the roots are 45~60t/hm2.
At the time of harvesting, first choose the leaves less, the fleshy roots and necks are fine, the colors are delicious, the appearance is smooth, there are no branches and cracks, and the fleshy roots with the characteristics of the original varieties are used as seed plants to keep the seeds, and the leaves with the petiole 10 cm or more are cut and stored for winter. Maintain kiln temperature 1~4 °C, relative humidity 85%~95%. In the first ten days of the next year, the local surface layer can be planted at a low temperature of 8~10 °C. Carrots are cross-pollinated plants. To prevent crossbreeding between different varieties, different varieties should be isolated for 2km.
The planting area must be well drained, warm in the sun, fertile soil, plant spacing 50 cm × 50 cm, depth to bury all the fleshy roots as a good planting, covering soil compaction, only the petiole. Generally, it takes about 130 days from colonization to seed maturation, and matures from late July to early August. Since the seed maturity of the same strain is inconsistent, it must be harvested in batches. The seed is about 675kg/hm2. As carrots for food or feed, in order to prevent germination during storage, loss of moisture, and deterioration of quality, the leaves and carrots should be cut off first and then stored.
Recently, many farmers and farmers are asking how to store small carrots. In fact, these problems are summarized in the above, so you can carefully read them carefully.
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