High-yield cultivation techniques of zucchini in open field

The yield of anti-season cultivation in spring is high. The Bayi team of Hengxi Village, Henglan Town, Zhongshan City has a long history and rich experience in planting anti-season melons. The three-dimensional planting model is adopted to plant zucchini and vegetables early. The yield per mu can reach more than 3000 kg, and it is cultivated in the open field, which saves labor and has good economic benefits.

1. Variety selection and sprouting and sowing. The varieties of Zucchini suitable for spring planting are Guanxing No.2, Guanhua No.2, Jiangxin No.4, etc. Due to the irregular germination of seeds of zucchini, no matter direct seeding or seedling raising, the germination should be done well. The specific method is: soak the seeds in warm water at about 50 ℃ for 4-6 hours, dry them and germinate at a constant temperature of about 30 ℃, when most seeds germinate 0.5-1.0 cm long, when it is sunny sowing. Because the genus Zucchini is a temperature-loving vegetable, a higher temperature is required, and the suitable growth temperature is 18-30°C. In order to ensure the normal growth of zucchini, the sowing period of open-field cultivation of spring seeds is selected before and after "Xiaohan", and the plastic film is used to cover the germination, and the temperature of the seedling stage should be adjusted to ensure that the whole seedlings are cultivated and the strong seedlings are cultivated.

Second, site preparation and planting, applying sufficient base fertilizer and melon are susceptible to soil-borne diseases of melons, avoid continuous cropping. Zucchini prefers to be wet but not tolerant to waterlogging, and requires more fertilizer during the whole growth period. Therefore, it should be planted on a sandy loam field with deep soil layers, convenient drainage and irrigation, and fertile soil. The method of land preparation is to turn the field up to a base of 15 meters long and 2.5 meters wide. The base is a canal, and the canal is 1 meter deep. Four large fishes can be kept in the canal, which is also convenient for irrigation. Double-row planting is adopted, with a row spacing of 1.2 meters and a plant spacing of 0.4 meters. Each field has about 250 plants. After squash breeding, start to prepare the soil and apply the base fertilizer, apply 800-1000 kg of mixed soil fertilizer per mu, 25-30 kg of superphosphate, and 25-30 kg of peanut bran. Generally, before and after the Spring Festival, the seedlings with 3-5 true leaves to be transplanted can be transplanted when the temperature is stable at about 20°C. They are planted at the border, bordered at 20 cm high, covered with a small amount of straw, and drenched with root water.

3. Field management

1. Stretching the vines, pruning and pressing the vines When the seedlings grow to 12-15 leaves, when the vines are 0.8-1 meters long, insert bamboos to shed the vines, adopt the "human" frame method, and spread the stems when vines are introduced Straighten along the direction of the bracket, and the new roots will be added to the earth pressure. Zucchini is mainly based on the main vine results, and the side vines should be removed in time before the main vine results. After the main vine results, the side vines above the middle will be selected to increase the number of side vines in the later period and increase the total output.

2. Reasonable top dressing should be carried out in accordance with the principle of "thin thin, medium heavy, moderate after". The temperature in the early stage of spring planting melon is low, and the fertilizer and water should be controlled at the seedling stage to inhibit growth and improve cold resistance. Avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer to avoid longness. After planting the seedlings, apply fertilizer once in a timely manner, applying 1000 kg of 10% manure and urine per mu or 1000 kg of 4-6 kg of compound fertilizer. Fertilizers should be re-fertilized before introduction and during flowering and fruiting period. 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu, and topdressing should be done after 2-3 times of melon picking. 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer should be applied per mu.

3. Water management Zucchini prefers to avoid moisture and waterlogging, especially during the flowering and fruiting period, when the water demand is large, it should be irrigated in time and keep the soil moist. After the spring melons emerge, they are usually sprayed once a day at noon on a sunny day. After flowering and fruiting, they should be sprayed once a day on a sunny afternoon. The watering should be stopped 3-4 days before harvesting. After rain, pay attention to timely drainage to prevent water accumulation.

4. Prevention of plant diseases and insect pests

1. Disease prevention and treatment of cataplexy disease can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution or 70% dicloxone 500 times solution; powdery mildew can be sprayed with 20% powder rusting 2000 times solution or 10% world high 2000 times solution; epidemic disease is available 64% toxin alum 500-800 times solution, 58% Ruidu mold 500-700 times solution or Longke bacteria 800 times solution; downy mildew can be used 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution or thiophanate 800 times solution Spraying.

2. Pest control Thrips can be sprayed with 40% Qixingbao EC 600-800 times solution, Goodyear Winter EC 1000-2000 times solution or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-4000 times solution; melon fruit fly can use 48% Lesi The 1000 times solution or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution is sprayed; the melon silk borer is sprayed with 50% moth pine 1000 times solution or Bacillus thuringiensis preparation; the mites can be 73% ketite 2000 times solution or 20% triclosan 1500 times liquid spray.

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