In order to overcome the obstacles of continuous cropping in greenhouses, the period from the beginning of June to the beginning of August in each year is the idle period for strawberry greenhouse cultivation and is also the disinfection season for strawberry greenhouses. At this time, it is in the highest temperature period in summer, and the best illumination is achieved. At present, in addition to the traditional soil cultivation of solar greenhouses, strawberry cultivation includes partial semi-substrate cultivation and elevated cultivation. The disinfection methods for each planting mode are described below:
Strawberry sunlight greenhouse soil disinfection
Farmers independently disinfected mainly with lime nitrogen, specific methods:
â—† Clean the greenhouse Remove the remains of the top strawberry in the greenhouse after harvest and place it away from the planting area.
The straw or wheat straw (preferably crushed or pounded into small pieces of 4-6 cm in order to facilitate plowing) or other unripe organic substances evenly sprinkled on the surface, the amount of 600-1200 kg per mu, equivalent to 360-720 kg / standard greenhouse. Then, 40-80 kg/mu lime nitrogen is uniformly applied, equivalent to 24-48 kg/standard greenhouse.
â—† Deep-turning with a rotary cultivator or manually turning organic matter and lime nitrogen deep into the soil, a depth of 30-40 cm is preferred. Tillage should be as uniform as possible to increase the contact area between lime nitrogen and soil particles.
◆ Do 畦 畦 畦 畦 about 30 cm high, 60-70 cm wide 畦. The purpose of making earthworms is to increase the surface area of ​​the soil so as to facilitate the rapid increase of the ground temperature, prolong the duration of the high temperature of the soil, and achieve a good disinfection effect.
â—† Irrigate the water from the bottom of the membrane until it is wet. Poor water retention properties can be re-irrigated once, but the ground cannot always have water.
◆ Seal the surface of the soil with a transparent plastic film (as much as possible with a greenhouse film, do not use a plastic film). Then the greenhouse greenhouse membrane is completely closed. Pay attention to the entrance and exit of the greenhouse and the irrigation trench to avoid leakage. When it is generally sunny, the 20-30 cm soil layer can be maintained at 40°C-50°C for a long time, and the surface can reach temperatures above 70°C. This situation lasts for about 20 days and can effectively kill a variety of harmful organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and root-knot nematodes in the soil.
â—† Open the shed film. After 20-30 days of exposing the film to high temperature, open the greenhouse vents, uncover the floor film, and plow the soil to fully aerate.
Open the shed film and uncover the film 7-14 days later, apply the bio-remediation agent (fixed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, nematodes and other pest control functional fungi, decomposing fungi, etc.) and apply it in a dosage of 5 kg/mu, equivalent to 3 kg/ In the standard greenhouse, base fertilizer can be turned into soil with other organic fertilizers, and strawberries are planted immediately.
Attention problem
In order to give full play to the insecticidal sterilizing effect of the intermediate product in the lime nitrogen decomposition process, the soil and lime nitrogen should be fully mixed to maintain sufficient moisture content in the soil. Poor water retention performance should be replenished with appropriate amounts of moisture during the treatment process.
Sealability is one of the main factors that determine the low and rapid increase in soil temperature. The degree of damage to the plastic film should be checked frequently. If it is damaged, it must be promptly repaired.
In the course of processing, in case of continuous cloudy or rainy days, the number of processing days should be appropriately extended.
Wear eye protection, masks, rubber gloves, trousers, long-sleeved clothing, and boots that are not damaged to avoid contact with the skin. Once the medicinal fertilizer (lime nitrogen) is in contact with the skin, wash it with soap and water. If you get into your eyes, rinse immediately with clean water. In severe cases, you should receive medical treatment. It should be emphasized that no alcoholic beverages should be consumed within 24 hours before and after the operation.
Strawberry semi-substrate cultivation and disinfection
Strawberry semi-substrate cultivation has many advantages compared with traditional soil cultivation and elevated cultivation. The semi-substrate cultivation mode of strawberry sunlight greenhouse has gradually entered the pull period, and the disinfection of substrate and soil is about to begin. Semi-matrix disinfection methods are described below:
Attach the scissors to the stems of the strawberries and cut off the ground (do not cut them too low. Avoid pulling the main roots of the strawberries in a few days; do not cut them too high; avoid the strawberries from continuing to grow). After a few days of cutting, the roots of the young rot are rotted, and then the main strawberry root is removed from the substrate and discarded.
For one year of cultivation, sulfur powder or Wufu or Gentai shall be uniformly spread on the surface of the substrate, and water shall not be applied. The cover shall be covered with white mulch. The water that condenses on the film by water vapor causes the agent to infiltrate evenly. Cover 15-20 days prior to colonization, remove the white mulch, and tip over the substrate to avoid overstuffing.
For two years of cultivation, the substrate can be shoveled out and pushed to the front shed feet to wash the substrate with water. Then spread sulfur powder, Wufu or Gentai evenly on the surface, cover with white mulch for 15-20 days, remove the white mulch, and then backfill the substrate.
For 1-2 years of cultivation, the soil under the substrate tank does not move. Watering the backfilled substrate should be done with a spray head. Do not use drip irrigation. The dry matrix cannot be completely infiltrated with drip irrigation. Use a spray head to drench and then use a drip irrigation to water.
For three years of cultivation, the substrates were cleared out and stacked in the front shed. The substrate was sprayed with potassium permanganate solution and then backfilled with a white mulch for 5-6 days. The soil in the inside is cleared with a mixture of Wufu or Gentai after clearing the substrate, and is then watered with a white mulch for high-temperature disinfection.
Attention problem
Do not add chemical fertilizers to the semi-matrix tanks after disinfection. Add a small amount of organic fertilizers because the fertilizers will leach out when the plants are watered, resulting in waste.
Strawberry elevated cultivation matrix disinfection
Strawberry cultivation greenhouse is an elevated cultivation mode, the cultivation medium is the matrix. Red spiders are easy to grow in elevated substrates. After several planting cycles, excess nutrients in the matrix remain in the matrix, which can easily cause the survival rate of strawberry seedlings. In view of the characteristics of the above substrate cultivation, the elevated substrate disinfection can use liquid lime nitrogen and sulfur powder disinfection two ways, sulfur powder disinfection method can achieve the purpose of acid, sterilization, sulfur powder disinfection methods are described as follows:
Pull out the remaining large roots of strawberries from the previous season to avoid wilt disease caused by non-rotating root-transmitted bacteria in the next season.
The substrate should be properly filled with water, and the substrate should not be too dry. Otherwise, the high temperature and drought will cause aging of the black and white film and non-woven fabric containing the substrate, and it will easily fall off.
Smear sulfur powder to the surface of the plane, the amount of 400 grams -0.5 kilograms per rack, on the surface of the substrate and evenly, do not turn under the substrate, so that sulfur powder gradually infiltrate into the substrate with each irrigation, be careful not to use, Otherwise, it will corrode the black-and-white film and non-woven fabric loaded with the matrix.
Laminate the substrate and keep it moist.
The temperature is kept at 40°C, not more than 60°C. If the temperature is too high, it will cause the fermentation of the substrate and affect the cultivation of the next season.
Remove the film 7-10 days before planting. Irrigate the substrate with excess nutrients and spray it with carbendazim, chlorothalonil, and thiazolyl.
For the marked reduction of the old matrix, in addition to loading the new matrix, the old matrix must be completely turned over to avoid over-reality, poor ventilation, and affect the growth of the strawberry. Zhou Mingyuan
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