The application method of irrigating with water is also referred to as “fertilizing and fertilizingâ€, which is a kind of top dressing that generally provides supplementary nutrition during the period of rapid crop growth. Since it is a supplementary fertilizer, it cannot substitute for the main fertilizers such as basal fertilizer. However, because this method is convenient and fast, it is widely used in irrigated fields of vegetable fields and cash crops and special food crops.
Farmers in various parts of the country are accustomed to putting granular fertilizers such as solid compound fertilizer, urea, and potassium chloride in buckets or sprinkled directly on the heads of the canal when the farmland is irrigated. Fertilizers reach the roots of crops along with the flow of water. It is not clear whether it is dissolved. For example, the calcium rushed by farmers in the south and the ammonium phosphate rushed by farmers in the north will remain on the surface for a long time, and large urea will not be easily dissolved. When the temperature is high, ammonia volatilization will occur. Therefore, red fertilization is different from drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other irrigation and fertilization, and some local management is extensive and even use large flood irrigation to flush chemical fertilizers. This fertigation method of flood irrigation highlights a word of “rushing†and is likely to cause nitrogen. A large number of losses will also cause the problem of low water use efficiency.
At present, the fertilization is mainly used in the vigorous season of growing vegetable crops, and is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open field vegetables. Due to the rapid fertility of fertilization, it is generally effective from 2-3 days to 3-5 days after rinsing. It is reflected in the changes in leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the enthusiasm of some eager growers. It has been widely used for many years.
Considering the current situation of agricultural production targets with high yield, high quality, high efficiency and taking into account environmental protection and the lack of rural labor force, in order to exploit the strengths of “fertilization and fertilization†to avoid shortcomings, the technical essentials of “fertilization and fertilization†are briefly described as follows:
Correct choice of fertilization fertilizer types
Only water-soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogenous fertilizers; potassium and potassium sulfates are used in potash fertilizers, and potassium nitrate can also be used. Even phosphorus-containing ammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate do not need to be flushed. Because the phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility after being dissolved, it is easily fixed and cannot infiltrate into the root layer with water. The best application method of phosphate fertilizer can only be layered buried in the soil in order to improve its utilization.
A single nutrient of flushing and fertilizing
Be sure to reduce the amount of pure nitrogen used in the cultivation of high-yielding vegetables at the rate of 2-3 kg/mu, especially nitrate nitrogen to be controlled below 2-3 kg/mu, with a limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide). Usually 2-4 kg/mu; otherwise, nutrients are wasted and lost. It will not only reduce the nitrogen fertilizer utilization but also cause pollution to water quality. Fertilization in the whole growth period is generally 2 times.
The period of fertilization
In the case of a large crop growth period, if the vegetables are flushed after fruiting and picking the fruits, if the cabbage is in the filling phase, in the autumn planting, the choice of temperature will decrease, the soil mineralization will decline, and the vegetable crop will be heavy. The growth period is appropriate.
Irrigation control
In the case of flood irrigation, flood irrigation is prevented, and when the canal is irrigated, the depth of the ditch is appropriate to the amount of water, so that nutrients dissolved in the water are prevented from being lost.
Many farmers like to use this top-dressing method and it is effective to use it. However, in order to pursue the effect of the surface, regardless of the cost, one-sided use of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, misuse of fertilization, will lead to vegetables, longevity, quality, fertilizer use efficiency, loss of nitrogen, increase soil salinization. Some people break down granular high-concentration compound fertilizers and crush them; others use unprocessed and insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations as fertilizers. These are not appropriate.
In short, we must master the following points in principle:
The method of fertilization should be applied in a timely and appropriate manner. It is mainly used for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, and nitrogen and potassium are mainly applied.
There are four types of fertilizers that do not require flushing, one that does not flush phosphorus, two that do not flush granular compound fertilizers, three that do not flush solid organic fertilizers, and four that do not crush microbial preparations or fertilizers.
Farmers in various parts of the country are accustomed to putting granular fertilizers such as solid compound fertilizer, urea, and potassium chloride in buckets or sprinkled directly on the heads of the canal when the farmland is irrigated. Fertilizers reach the roots of crops along with the flow of water. It is not clear whether it is dissolved. For example, the calcium rushed by farmers in the south and the ammonium phosphate rushed by farmers in the north will remain on the surface for a long time, and large urea will not be easily dissolved. When the temperature is high, ammonia volatilization will occur. Therefore, red fertilization is different from drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other irrigation and fertilization, and some local management is extensive and even use large flood irrigation to flush chemical fertilizers. This fertigation method of flood irrigation highlights a word of “rushing†and is likely to cause nitrogen. A large number of losses will also cause the problem of low water use efficiency.
At present, the fertilization is mainly used in the vigorous season of growing vegetable crops, and is widely used in greenhouse cultivation and open field vegetables. Due to the rapid fertility of fertilization, it is generally effective from 2-3 days to 3-5 days after rinsing. It is reflected in the changes in leaf color and plant height, which is in line with the enthusiasm of some eager growers. It has been widely used for many years.
Considering the current situation of agricultural production targets with high yield, high quality, high efficiency and taking into account environmental protection and the lack of rural labor force, in order to exploit the strengths of “fertilization and fertilization†to avoid shortcomings, the technical essentials of “fertilization and fertilization†are briefly described as follows:
Correct choice of fertilization fertilizer types
Only water-soluble fertilizers can be applied with water. Urea, ammonia, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate are commonly used in nitrogenous fertilizers; potassium and potassium sulfates are used in potash fertilizers, and potassium nitrate can also be used. Even phosphorus-containing ammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate do not need to be flushed. Because the phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility after being dissolved, it is easily fixed and cannot infiltrate into the root layer with water. The best application method of phosphate fertilizer can only be layered buried in the soil in order to improve its utilization.
A single nutrient of flushing and fertilizing
Be sure to reduce the amount of pure nitrogen used in the cultivation of high-yielding vegetables at the rate of 2-3 kg/mu, especially nitrate nitrogen to be controlled below 2-3 kg/mu, with a limited amount of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide). Usually 2-4 kg/mu; otherwise, nutrients are wasted and lost. It will not only reduce the nitrogen fertilizer utilization but also cause pollution to water quality. Fertilization in the whole growth period is generally 2 times.
The period of fertilization
In the case of a large crop growth period, if the vegetables are flushed after fruiting and picking the fruits, if the cabbage is in the filling phase, in the autumn planting, the choice of temperature will decrease, the soil mineralization will decline, and the vegetable crop will be heavy. The growth period is appropriate.
Irrigation control
In the case of flood irrigation, flood irrigation is prevented, and when the canal is irrigated, the depth of the ditch is appropriate to the amount of water, so that nutrients dissolved in the water are prevented from being lost.
Many farmers like to use this top-dressing method and it is effective to use it. However, in order to pursue the effect of the surface, regardless of the cost, one-sided use of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, misuse of fertilization, will lead to vegetables, longevity, quality, fertilizer use efficiency, loss of nitrogen, increase soil salinization. Some people break down granular high-concentration compound fertilizers and crush them; others use unprocessed and insoluble solid organic fertilizers or microbial preparations as fertilizers. These are not appropriate.
In short, we must master the following points in principle:
The method of fertilization should be applied in a timely and appropriate manner. It is mainly used for top dressing in intensive vegetable cultivation, and nitrogen and potassium are mainly applied.
There are four types of fertilizers that do not require flushing, one that does not flush phosphorus, two that do not flush granular compound fertilizers, three that do not flush solid organic fertilizers, and four that do not crush microbial preparations or fertilizers.
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