Below we have sorted out the relevant literature and briefly introduced the "new four bases":
What are the new four bases?
For decades, scientists have believed that DNA contains only four bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (T). These four bases have become us. The basis for understanding how gene codes form life. The statement of "new four bases" here is mainly for the four bases of traditional research. details as follows:
5th base: 5-methylcytosine 6th base: 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
7th base: 5-formylcytosine 8th base: 5-carboxybox cytosine (5-carboxlcytosine)
Some inspirations for the researchers:
The meaning of the 8th base:
CAS Shanghai Life Sciences Research Institute, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology XU Guoliang Research Group recently published in the journal "Science", clarifies the initial DNA demethylation mechanisms and procedures, found the declaration of human life encoding process " New words". This means that humans have a deeper understanding of the internal mechanisms by which fertilized eggs become embryonic cells.
Methylation is an important modification of the nucleic acid, expression and regulation of genes off, and the movable plant growth and development, closely related to the development of disease. It has been known in the past that there are two modified forms of the four major bases of DNA, namely, the 5th base 5mC and the 6th base 5hmC, all of which contain the methyl (m) "suffix", which is methylated. Base. DNA methylation shuts down the activity of certain genes; conversely, DNA demethylation induces reactivation and functional expression of the gene. During the formation of germ cells and the development of fertilized eggs to embryos, large-scale genome-wide demethylation has emerged, which has become a very important "life coding" link. Among them, the epigenetic product line provided by Aide Technology can solve the research needs of researchers for DNA methylation and DNA methylolation.
Xu Guoliang's research group and its partners found that the 5th and 6th bases of DNA can further form the 8th base of 5caC, whether it is in vitro cells or cultured cells. This new modified base is automatically recognized and excised from the genome, and then replaced with a cytosine without modification by DNA repair.
Experts believe that the significance of this study is that it found that the eighth base exists as an intermediate state and also locks in the specific enzymes involved, which provides biochemical evidence for DNA demethylation studies. Pointed the way for the next step of research.
Studies have shown that if you master the law of gene use, it will be of great significance for humans to understand the growth and development of animals and plants, the occurrence and development of diseases, and the rejuvenation of already differentiated mature cells into stem cells.
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